Binary ↔ Decimal Converter

Binary is a base-2 number system using only 0 and 1. Each bit position represents a power of 2. For example, 1101 in binary = 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 13 in decimal. Computers use binary internally because transistors have two states: on (1) and off (0). Hexadecimal (base 16) is often used as a shorthand for binary, with each hex digit representing 4 bits.